Visits in the Andes and Chiclayo
Leo arrived on Sunday in Cusco, the former capital of the Inca Empire that sits at an altitude of 3,400 meters (more than 11,000 feet).
Peruvian Cardinal Pedro Barreto told the Associated Press that "Leo is clearing the path laid out" by his predecessor, Pope Francis, on environmental protection and human rights.
Next, the pontiff will travel to Pucallpa, a city in the Amazon that faces joint threats from deforestation and illegal mining.
"For us, the pope's arrival is a source of great joy, but it is also a great opportunity to make our demands, our grievances, and our problems heard," said Cecilio Soria, an Indigenous human rights activist.
Earlier, on Saturday, Leo held an open-air Mass in the town of Santa Cruz de Succhabamba.
He spoke with pleasure of returning to the "steep hills, ravines and fertile valleys, in a land with Andean roots, where the Inca Empire flourished and which is the cradle of a profound Christian faith."
Pope Leo held Mass in the small town of Santa Cruz de Succhabamba, located in his former Diocese of Chiclayo.
Leo also visited the city of Zana, some 45 kilometers (28 miles) southeast, which is a major center of Afro-Peruvian society.
Leo, who apologized for the Church's role in transatlantic slavery in May, said Zana "preserves the memory of generations of Africans who were torn from their homes and subjected to slavery."
"Many endured great suffering and humiliation. Dear brothers and sisters of African descent, today I want to express my affection and closeness to you," he said.
"Thank you for all that you contribute to the life of this church."