National security and industry context
Nvidia is the world's second-most valuable company after Apple, with a market capitalisation of $4.5 trillion at the time of writing. By selling the chips used to develop AI models, the chipmaker has emerged as one of the firms holding up the AI boom.
The massive demand for its GPUs from hyperscalers such as Amazon and Google has propelled its annual revenue from under $11 billion to more than $130 billion between 2020 and 2025.
Huang has emerged as a close adviser to the Trump administration on AI and even accompanied President Trump to Beijing in May 2026. Earlier this year, Trump green-lit the sale of Nvidia's H200 chips to be shipped to China. Part of its older Hopper generation, the H200 chips are less advanced than Nvidia's Blackwell chips currently used by US-based AI developers.
However, the incoming US Congress is expected to push for stricter export controls on Nvidia's advanced AI chips. China is ramping up its own efforts to train top AI models without Nvidia's chips. Despite prior clearance from the US, Chinese regulators prevented the import of H200 chips to protect its own industry. Earlier this year, a similar Chinese block on Nvidia's H20 chips forced the company to write off about $4.5 billion.
Huang has previously acknowledged that the company has "largely conceded" China's AI chip market to domestic chipmaker Huawei, which is working with DeepSeek to develop its next-generation of chips, as per a report by The Information.