Legal background and wider context
Vafaei Sani was arrested in 2020 for taking part in nationwide democracy protests in 2019 and accused of supporting an opposition group, the People’s Mojahedin Organization of Iran (MEK). He was convicted of “corruption on Earth” and sentenced to death for a third time in September 2024 after “a grossly unfair trial”, according to Amnesty International. The supreme court upheld his death sentence on 4 October 2025. Since his arrest he has been tortured and held in solitary confinement for extended periods.
According to the Hengaw Organisation for Human Rights, at least 710 people have been executed in Iran since the beginning of 2026, including 79 political and religious prisoners. In an October report, the organisation documented at least 106 death sentences against January protest detainees, 35 of whom had already been executed. In Vakilabad prison, where Vafaei Sani is detained, five people have been executed linked to the protests and 15 others are facing death sentences.
Zohreh Abdollahkhani, founder of Human Rights for Sport, said: “The situation is really dire … We have seven athletes at risk of execution now, including Vafaei Sani.”