French response
French Foreign Minister Jean-Noël Barrot confirmed on November 9 that the attacks were carried out by the IRGC, describing the incident as unprecedented in its scale and aggression. France has announced plans to pursue European-level sanctions against those responsible.
On November 10, Foreign Minister Barrot said France would summon Iran's ambassador and seek European-level sanctions. He also indicated that Paris would consider further measures to deter similar cyberattacks.
The Paris prosecutor's office has opened a judicial investigation into Shahid Kaveh, an offensive cyber unit affiliated with the Electronic and Cyber Centre of Iran's Revolutionary Guards. Prosecutors have also sought international arrest warrants for two officials associated with the unit.