Exercise scope and participants
The drills involve land, air and naval forces, as well as elements of the space forces of France, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Estonia, Spain, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Germany, Sweden, Turkey and Poland, according to Poland’s Ministry of National Defence. American troops will not participate.
Britain is sending around 300 military personnel and several fighter jets. France will provide approximately 1,000 soldiers and deploy short-range surveillance drones as well as counter-drone systems. The German Armed Forces will take part by providing approximately ten staff officers, in-flight refuelling aircraft and logistical support. Poland is the main host of the exercise and will additionally deploy around 2,000 soldiers to provide logistical support for the exercise participants. Turkey will not send troops to Poland but will stand up the MNF-U’s maritime element in Istanbul.