Geopolitical Context and Allegations
While no country has officially attributed the threats to a specific actor, the incidents occur amid heightened tensions. Many European officials have accused Russia of masterminding "hybrid attacks" and sabotage. Denmark, Poland, and Romania have previously accused Moscow directly, and Germany has blamed Russia for an attack on Leipzig airport in August. Both Russia and Iran have denied involvement in such activities.
Eric Schouten, head of the aviation security group Dyami, noted that many of the affected countries support Ukraine in its war against Russia's invasion. Eliran Almog, CEO of aviation cybersecurity firm Cyviation, suggested the threats could be used to observe how authorities respond to disruptions.